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Elasticsearch安装与配置(Centos 7)

钱魏Way · · 4,870 次浏览

全文搜索属于最常见的需求,开源的 Elasticsearch是目前全文搜索引擎的首选。它可以快速地储存、搜索和分析海量数据。维基百科、Stack Overflow、Github 都采用它。Elasticsearch 的底层是开源库 Lucene。但你没法直接用 Lucene,必须自己写代码去调用它的接口。Elasticsearch是 Lucene 的封装,提供了 REST API 的操作接口,开箱即用。本文从零开始,讲解如何使用 Elasticsearch 搭建自己的全文搜索引擎。

安装JDK 8

Elasticsearch官方建议使用 Oracle的JDK8,在安装之前首先要确定下机器有没有安装JDK。

rpm -qa | grep -E '^open[jre|jdk]|j[re|dk]'

如果有,有可能是系统自带的openjdk,而非oracle的jdk。可以使用 rpm -qa | grep Java | xargs rpm -e --nodeps 批量卸载所有带有Java的文件,然后进行重新安装。

命令行下载 JDK 有个麻烦的地方,必须先要接受 Oracle 的许可协议,不过可以通过设置 cookie 来解决。

wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-x64.tar.gz

直接解压  tar -zxvf jdk-8u101-linux-x64.tar.gz 后。配置环境变量:

vi /etc/profile

添加如下内容,并保存:

# set java environment
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_101
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}

保存后运行 source /etc/profile 使环境变量生效

输入java -version 确认是否安装成功。

[root@localhost local]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_101"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_101-b13)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.101-b13, mixed mode)

安装 Elasticsearch

手动安装

最简单的方式是通过Yum或rpm的方式进行安装,这里介绍的是手动安装的方法:

1、进入官网查看最新版本的下载链接

2、使用命令行进行下载并解压:

wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/distribution/tar/elasticsearch/2.4.0/elasticsearch-2.4.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf elasticsearch-2.4.0.tar.gz

3、运行Elasticsearch

执行 sh /usr/local/elasticsearch-2.4.0/bin/elasticsearch -d  其中-d表示后台启动

不出意外,可以看到如下报错信息:

[root@localhost bin]# Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: don't run elasticsearch as root.
       at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.initializeNatives(Bootstrap.java:94)
       at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:160)
       at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:286)
       at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:35)
Refer to the log for complete error details.

原因是elasticsearch 默认是不支持用root用户来启动的。

解决方案一:Des.insecure.allow.root=true

修改/usr/local/elasticsearch-2.4.0/bin/elasticsearch,添加ES_JAVA_OPTS=”-Des.insecure.allow.root=true”

或执行时添加:sh /usr/local/elasticsearch-2.4.0/bin/elasticsearch -d -Des.insecure.allow.root=true

注意:正式环境用root运行可能会有安全风险,不建议用root来跑。

解决方案二:添加专门的用户

useradd elastic
chown -R elastic:elastic  elasticsearch-2.4.0
su elastic
sh /usr/local/elasticsearch-2.4.0/bin/elasticsearch -d

使用 curl http://localhost:9200/ 查看是否运行,如果返回如下信息则标示运行正常:

[elastic@localhost local]$ curl http://localhost:9200/
{
  "name" : "Astrid Bloom",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "2.4.0",
    "build_hash" : "ce9f0c7394dee074091dd1bc4e9469251181fc55",
    "build_timestamp" : "2016-08-29T09:14:17Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "5.5.2"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

Elasticsearch默认restful-api的端口是9200 不支持Ip地址,只能在本机用http://localhost:9200来访问。如果需要改变,需要修改配置文件。

默认情况下 Elasticsearch 的 RESTful 服务只有本机才能访问,也就是说无法从主机访问虚拟机中的服务。为了方便调试,可以修改 /etc/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml 文件,加入以下两行:

network.bind_host: “0.0.0.0"
network.publish_host: _nonloopback:ipv4

或去除network.host 和http.port之前的注释,并将network.host的IP地址修改为本机外网IP。然后重启,Elasticsearch 关闭方法(输入命令:ps -ef | grep elasticsearch ,找到进程,然后kill掉就行了。

如果外网还是不能访问,则有可能是防火墙设置导致的。

使用YUM安装

添加elasticsearch的repo,在/etc/yum.repos.d/下新增elasticsearch.repo:

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch.repo

文件内容如下:

[elasticsearch-5.x]
name=Elasticsearch repository for 5.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/5.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md

然后使用最简单的yum命令即可进行安装:

yum install elasticsearch

使用RPM安装

wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-5.1.1.rpm rpm --install elasticsearch-5.1.1.rpm

也是非常的简单。

防火墙设置

关闭selinux

sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config setenforce 0

安装firewall

yum install firewalld firewall-config
systemctl start firewalld.service
systemctl enable firewalld.service
systemctl status firewalld.service

开放端口

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port={9200/tcp,9300/tcp}
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --state
firewall-cmd --list-all

至此,elasticsearch就顺利安装完成了,但是为了更好的使用,还需要安装中文分析工具等插件,下篇文章再做介绍。

使用systemd管理elasticsearch服务

/bin/systemctl daemon-reload #重启加载systemd
/bin/systemctl enable elasticsearch.service #自启动elasticsearch
systemctl start elasticsearch.service #启动elasticsearch
systemctl stop elasticsearch.service #停止elasticsearch

Elsticsearch配置说明

如果使用yum或rpm方式安装Elasticsearch默认的配置文件地址是:/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml,详细的配置说明可以参考Configuring Elasticsearch。另外还有一个系统配置存放在/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch,可设置的内容包含如下参数:

ES_USER The user to run as, defaults to elasticsearch.
ES_GROUP The group to run as, defaults to elasticsearch.
JAVA_HOME Set a custom Java path to be used.
MAX_OPEN_FILES Maximum number of open files, defaults to 65536.
MAX_LOCKED_MEMORY Maximum locked memory size. Set to unlimited if you use thebootstrap.memory_lock option in elasticsearch.yml.
MAX_MAP_COUNT Maximum number of memory map areas a process may have. If you use mmapfsas index store type, make sure this is set to a high value. For more information, check the linux kernel documentation about max_map_count. This is set via sysctl before starting elasticsearch. Defaults to 262144.
LOG_DIR Log directory, defaults to /var/log/elasticsearch.
DATA_DIR Data directory, defaults to /var/lib/elasticsearch.
CONF_DIR Configuration file directory (which needs to include elasticsearch.ymland log4j2.properties files), defaults to /etc/elasticsearch.
ES_JAVA_OPTS Any additional JVM system properties you may want to apply.
RESTART_ON_UPGRADE Configure restart on package upgrade, defaults to false. This means you will have to restart your elasticsearch instance after installing a package manually. The reason for this is to ensure, that upgrades in a cluster do not result in a continuous shard reallocation resulting in high network traffic and reducing the response times of your cluster.

另外,一些默认安装的文件路径如下:

Type Description Default Location Setting
home Elasticsearch home directory or $ES_HOME /usr/share/elasticsearch
bin Binary scripts including elasticsearch to start a node and elasticsearch-plugin to install plugins /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin
conf Configuration files including elasticsearch.yml /etc/elasticsearch path.conf
conf Environment variables including heap size, file descriptors. /etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch
data The location of the data files of each index / shard allocated on the node. Can hold multiple locations. /var/lib/elasticsearch path.data
logs Log files location. /var/log/elasticsearch path.logs
plugins Plugin files location. Each plugin will be contained in a subdirectory. /usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins
repo Shared file system repository locations. Can hold multiple locations. A file system repository can be placed in to any subdirectory of any directory specified here. Not configured path.repo
script Location of script files. /etc/elasticsearch/scripts path.scripts

参考链接:

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